Ocean acidification - 500 ppm (2050) (grid)

World Resources Institute 2011 Ocean acidification - 500 ppm (2050) (grid) raster digital data Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington, DC, United States World Resources Institute withheld 2011 Burke, L., K. Reytar, M. Spalding, and A. Perry. Reefs at Risk Revisited. (Washington, DC, USA: World Resources Institute, 2011). withheld arag_500 Grid reflects locations of estimated aragonite saturation state under a CO2 stabilization level of 500 ppm. This level is approximately equivalent to year 2050 under a CO2 emissions scenario that is slightly more conservative (i.e., optimistic) than IPCC "business-as-usual". The indicator of ocean acidification is the projected saturation level of aragonite, the form of calcium carbonate that corals use to build their skeletons. As dissolved CO2 levels increase, the aragonite saturation state decreases, which makes it more difficult for coral to build their skeletons. Aragonite saturation states of less than 3.0 are extremely marginal for coral growth. See the Reefs at Risk Revisited report and technical notes for more information. The global indicators developed by the Reefs at Risk Revisited project enable comparative analyses of threats to coral reefs on many scales, and support conservation priority-setting. The Reefs at Risk indicators are a simplification of human activities and complex natural processes. The model relies on available data and predicted relationships but cannot capture all aspects of the dynamic interactions between people and coral reefs. The threat indicators gauge current and potential risks associated with human activities. A strength of the analysis lies in its use of regionally consistent data sets to develop globally consistent indicators of human pressure on coral reefs. However, the model is not perfect, and omissions and other errors in the data sets are inevitable. en 2011 publication date Complete None planned -180.000000 180.000000 89.999882 -89.999882 -20037507.067162 19962492.932838 -6363885.331926 6436114.668074 acidification coral reefs acidification carbon dioxide aragonite saturation world global None Data set is not for use in litigation. While efforts have been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable, WRI cannot assume liability for any damages or misrepresentations caused by any inaccuracies in the data, or as a result of the data used on a particular system. WRI makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. World Resources Institute mailing and physical address

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Washington DC 20002 United States reefsatrisk@wri.org 9 am - 5 pm EST Adapted from Cao, L. and K. Caldeira. 2008. "Atmospheric CO2 Stabilization and Ocean Acidification." Geophysical Research Letters 35: L19609 for use in the Reefs at Risk Revisited project. ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3000 Raster Dataset Metadata imported. withheld 20100727 17340400 Metadata imported. withheld 20110215 13575500 Metadata imported. withheld 20110215 15285400 Metadata imported. withheld 20110215 15402600 Metadata imported. withheld 20110215 16093600 Metadata imported. withheld 20110215 16470700 Raster Grid Cell 64 200 1 200000.000000 200000.000000 32 Upper Left FALSE Default 1 matrix values FALSE GRID row and column 200000.000000 200000.000000 meters D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 GCS_WGS_1984 WGS_1984_Cylindrical_Equal_Area rf_sed.vat Rowid Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. VALUE Estimated aragonite saturation state. Values range from less than 1 to greater than 4. World Resources Institute GIS Data Manager 202-729-7653 202-729-7600 reefsatrisk@wri.org Downloadable Data and Data CD 0.077 0.077 20110217 World Resources Institute GIS Data Manager mailing and physical address

10 G Street NE Suite 800

Washington DC 20002 United States 202-729-7600 reefsatrisk@wri.org FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile en http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile 20110215 16470700 FALSE 20230201 12325600 20230201 12325600 Aragonit_Saturation_State 002 -20037507.067179 20162492.932821 -30359028.041613 30240971.958387 1 Projected GCS_WGS_1984 Linear Unit: Meter (1.000000) WGS_1984_Web_Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere <ProjectedCoordinateSystem xsi:type='typens:ProjectedCoordinateSystem' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xmlns:xs='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema' xmlns:typens='http://www.esri.com/schemas/ArcGIS/3.0.0'><WKT>PROJCS["WGS_1984_Web_Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere",GEOGCS["GCS_WGS_1984",DATUM["D_WGS_1984",SPHEROID["WGS_1984",6378137.0,298.257223563]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Mercator_Auxiliary_Sphere"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",0.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",0.0],PARAMETER["Standard_Parallel_1",0.0],PARAMETER["Auxiliary_Sphere_Type",0.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0],AUTHORITY["EPSG",3857]]</WKT><XOrigin>-20037700</XOrigin><YOrigin>-30241100</YOrigin><XYScale>148923141.92838538</XYScale><ZOrigin>-100000</ZOrigin><ZScale>10000</ZScale><MOrigin>-100000</MOrigin><MScale>10000</MScale><XYTolerance>0.001</XYTolerance><ZTolerance>0.001</ZTolerance><MTolerance>0.001</MTolerance><HighPrecision>true</HighPrecision><WKID>102100</WKID><LatestWKID>3857</LatestWKID></ProjectedCoordinateSystem> 1.0 150000000 5000 ItemDescription GIS Data Manager World Resources Institute 202-729-7600 10 G Street NE Suite 800 Washington DC 20002 US reefsatrisk@wri.org 20230201 ArcGIS Metadata 1.0 GIS Data Manager World Resources Institute 202-729-7653 202-729-7600 reefsatrisk@wri.org withheld File Geodatabase Raster Dataset Ocean acidification - 500 ppm (2050) (grid) 2011 World Resources Institute World Resources Institute Washington, DC, United States raster digital data Reefs at Risk Revisited Burke, L., K. Reytar, M. Spalding, and A. Perry. Reefs at Risk Revisited. (Washington, DC, USA: World Resources Institute, 2011). <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Grid reflects locations of estimated aragonite saturation state under a CO2 stabilization level of 500 ppm. This level is approximately equivalent to year 2050 under a CO2 emissions scenario that is slightly more conservative (i.e., optimistic) than IPCC "business-as-usual". The indicator of ocean acidification is the projected saturation level of aragonite, the form of calcium carbonate that corals use to build their skeletons. As dissolved CO2 levels increase, the aragonite saturation state decreases, which makes it more difficult for coral to build their skeletons. Aragonite saturation states of less than 3.0 are extremely marginal for coral growth. See the Reefs at Risk Revisited report and technical notes for more information.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV> The global indicators developed by the Reefs at Risk Revisited project enable comparative analyses of threats to coral reefs on many scales, and support conservation priority-setting. The Reefs at Risk indicators are a simplification of human activities and complex natural processes. Corals and other calcifiers are more likely to survive and reproduce when the saturation state is greater than three. When aragonite saturation state falls below 3, these organisms become stressed, and when saturation state is less than 1, shells and other aragonite structures begin to dissolve. The predicted pH decrease of approximately 0.3 units during the 21st century would be a greater change than possibly at any time in the last 300 million years. Adapted from Cao, L. and K. Caldeira. 2008. "Atmospheric CO2 Stabilization and Ocean Acidification." Geophysical Research Letters 35: L19609 for use in the Reefs at Risk Revisited project. World Resources Institute 10 G Street, NE Suite 800 Washington DC 20002 US reefsatrisk@wri.org 9 am - 5 pm EST world global acidification coral reefs acidification carbon dioxide aragonite saturation coral reefs acidification carbon dioxide aragonite saturation global <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>Data set is not for use in litigation. While efforts have been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable, WRI cannot assume liability for any damages or misrepresentations caused by any inaccuracies in the data, or as a result of the data used on a particular system. WRI makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV> Burke, L., K. Reytar, M. Spalding, and A. Perry. Reefs at Risk Revisited. (Washington, DC, USA: World Resources Institute, 2011). 2011 withheld ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3000 true -180.000000 180.000000 89.999882 -89.999882 publication date 2011 The model relies on available data and predicted relationships but cannot capture all aspects of the dynamic interactions between people and coral reefs. The threat indicators gauge current and potential risks associated with human activities. A strength of the analysis lies in its use of regionally consistent data sets to develop globally consistent indicators of human pressure on coral reefs. However, the model is not perfect, and omissions and other errors in the data sets are inevitable. 1 -179.999989 179.999996 89.000000 -89.000000 Metadata imported. 2010-07-27T17:34:04 withheld Metadata imported. 2011-02-15T13:57:55 withheld Metadata imported. 2011-02-15T15:28:54 withheld Metadata imported. 2011-02-15T15:40:26 withheld Metadata imported. 2011-02-15T16:09:36 withheld Metadata imported. 2011-02-15T16:47:07 withheld 3 64 200 1 dataset EPSG 6.18.3(9.3.1.2)